Go to the NASA Homepage
 
Search >
Click to Search
Human Systems Integration Division homepageHuman Systems Integration Division homepage Organization pageOrganization page Technical Areas pageTechnical Areas page Outreach and Publications pageOutreach and Publications page Contact pageContact page
Human Systems Integration Division Homepage
Outreach & Publications Sidebar Header
Go to the Outreach & Publications pageGo to the Outreach & Publications page
Go to Awards pageGo to Awards page
Go to News pageGo to News page
Go to Factsheets pageGo to Factsheets page
Go to Multimedia pageGo to Multimedia page
Go to Human Factors 101 pageGo to Human Factors 101 page
What is Human System Integration? Website
Publication Header
A Human-in-the-loop Evaluation of a Coordinated Arrival/Departure Scheduling Operation for Reducing Departure Delays at LaGuardia Airport  (2016)
Abstract Header
LaGuardia (LGA) departure delay was identified by stakeholders and subject matter experts as a significant bottleneck in the New York metropolitan area. Departure delay at LGA is primarily due to the dependency between LGA's arrival and departure runways: LGA departures cannot begin takeoff until arrivals have cleared the runway intersection. If one-in one-out operations are not maintained and a significant arrival-to-departure imbalance occurs, the departure backup can persist through the rest of the day. At NASA Ames Research Center, a solution called "Departure-sensitive Arrival Spacing" (DSAS) was developed to maximize the departure throughput without creating significant delays in the arrival traffic. The concept leverages Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSS) operations that create and manage the arrival schedule to the runway threshold. In DSAS operations, an interface enhancement to the traffic manager's timeline was developed and applied to provide the ability to manually adjust inter-arrival spacing to build precise gaps for multiple departures between arrivals. With this set of capabilities, inter-arrival spacing could be controlled for optimal departure throughput. The concept was prototyped in a human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation environment so that operational requirements such as coordination procedures, timing and magnitude of TSS schedule adjustments, and display features for Tower, TRACON and Traffic Management Unit could be determined. The HITL simulation was conducted in August 2014 to evaluate the concept in terms of feasibility, controller workload impact, and potential benefits. Three conditions were tested, namely a Baseline condition without scheduling, a TSS condition with arrivals scheduled to the runway threshold, and a TSS+DSAS condition with the arrival schedule adjusted to maximize the departure throughput. The results showed that during high arrival demand periods, departure throughput could be incrementally increased under TSS and TSS+DSAS conditions without compromising the arrival throughput. The concept, operational procedures, and summary results were originally published in ATM20151 but detailed results were omitted. This paper expands on the earlier paper to provide detailed results on areas including throughput, conformance, delay, inter-arrival spacing including B757 and task load. In addition, results on workload, safety and efficiency are also reported. The more detailed result section provides extra insights into the challenges, feasibility and the potential benefits of the concept.
Private Investigators Header
Authors Header
Groups Header
Keywords Header
Airport, Arrival, Coordinated, Delays, Departure, Departure, Evaluation, Human-in-the-loop, LaGuardia, Operation, Scheduling
References Header
16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Washington D. C.
Download Header
Adobe PDF Icon  Lee_etal_Aviation2016_final.pdf (Download Acrobat Reader Click to download Adobe Acrabat Reader)
  (1092KB) (application/pdf)
Go to the First Gov Homepage
Go to the NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Homepage
Curator: Phil So
NASA Official: Jessica Nowinski
Last Updated: August 15, 2019